Well two things.
First, I edited your title, no worries, just because your problem is not exactly how you first think it was

and will be useful to others.
In your case phpBB is installed in a sud-domain and the Google sitemaps system only allow URL to be listed if they are not only within the same domain (or sub-domain) but as well within the same folder as the SitemapIndex (cannot list
www.example.com/example.html from within
www.example.com/folder/sitemap.php).
Then, you should thus install mx Google Sitemaps phpBB side, not mxBB.
So far your Google sitemapIndex is here : -http://www.detektoreninfo.de/sitemap.php
And it appears you'll need as well to implement the rewriterules located in the contrib/ .htaccess.
Good point you made it to upload the correct premodded file for the phpBB SEO mixed mod rewrite
So basically, you just need to uninstall the mx Google Sitemap module from mxBB (ACP uninstall) and then install it in phpBB. Your sitemapindex will be located in : -http://www.forum.detektoreninfo.de/sitemap.php (will be sitemaps.xml with mod rewrite

)
You should just redo as before for the premodded file and add the contrib/ folder's .htaccess rewriterules in your forum's .htaccess.
To make sure it works, just load the sitemapIndex and manually follow links to see if they work and provide the correct URLs. You just need to test one forum sitemap and the forums sitemap (sitemap-forum.xml or sitemap.php?forum and on of the others)
Once checked, just submit
